All the Praise is for Allah, the One who said: “And whoever is ill or on a journey, then the same
number (must be made up from) other days.”(al-Baqarah 2:185)May prayers and peace be
upon our Prophet Muhammad, upon his family and noble and eminent companions. As to what
follows:
Know, that whoever breaks his fast in Ramadaan due to a permissible reason, such as the
legislative excuses which permit the breaking of the fast, or due to a forbidden reason, such as
the one who nullifies his fast by sexual intercourse or other than it, then it is obligatory upon
him to make up his fast due to His, the Exalted, statement: “Then the same number (must be
made up) from other days.”(al-Baqarah 2:184)And it is recommended for him to take the
initiative in making up his fast to free himself of blame; and it is recommended that the making
up be consecutive (if there are multiple days), because al-Qadaa’ resembles the actual
performance (of the fast). Even if he does not make the fast up immediately after Ramadaan,
he must have the firm determination to do so. It is permissible for him to delay it because the
time for it is broad; and every obligation which its time frame is broad, then it is permissible to
delay it while having firm resolve upon it. Likewise it is permissible to break it up (i.e. the days)
by fasting in different days. However if there only remains in Sha’baan the number of days that
are due upon him then it is obligatory upon him fast them all consecutively due to the time
restraint; and it is not permissible to delay it until after the other Ramadaan for no valid
reason. This is due to the statement of ‘Aa’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her: “There was
upon me some fasting of Ramadaan (to make up), but I was not able to make it up until
Sha’baan due to the state of Allah’s Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallalm).”[Agreed upon]
This proves that the time of al-Qadaa extends up there does not remain from Sha’baan except
the number of days which are upon him; so it is obligatory upon him to fast them before the
entrance of the new Ramadaan. So if he delays making it up until the new Ramadaan comes
upon him, then he fasts the present Ramadaan then he makes up what is due upon him
afterwards. Then if his delaying is due to an excuse with which he is not able to make it up in
that time period, then there is nothing upon him except to make up (the days missed). If it was
for no(legitimate)excuse then it is obligatory upon him, in addition to making it up, to feed a
poor person for every day missed a half of a Saa’ from the food of the land.
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